Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus

Grants

Funding Acknowledgements

We thank all the individuals who took part in these studies and all the researchers, study staff, clinicians and other healthcare providers, technicians and administrative staff who have enabled this work to be carried out. In particular, we would like to thank Terence Jack Martin (St Vincents Institute, Melbourne, Australia) for carefully reviewing this manuscript. COGS would not have been possible without the contributions of the following: Andrew Berchuck (OCAC), Rosalind A. Eeles, Ali Amin Al Olama, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Sara Benlloch (PRACTICAL), Lesley McGuffog, Andrew Lee, and Ed Dicks, Craig Luccarini and the staff of the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Javier Benitez, Anna Gonzalez-Neira and the staff of the CNIO genotyping unit, and Daniel C. Tessier, Francois Bacot, Daniel Vincent, Sylvie LaBoissiere and Frederic Robidoux and the staff of the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Sune F. Nielsen, Borge G. Nordestgaard, and the staff of the Copenhagen DNA laboratory, and Julie M. Cunningham, Sharon A. Windebank, Christopher A. Hilker, Jeffrey Meyer and the staff of Mayo Clinic Genotyping Core Facility. ABCFS wishes to thank Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell and Gillian Dite. ABCS wishes to thank Sten Cornelissen, Richard van Hien, Linde Braaf, Frans Hogervorst, Senno Verhoef, Laura van t Veer, Emiel Rutgers, C Ellen van der Schoot and Femke Atsma. ABCTB wishes to thank Christine Clarke, Rosemary Balleine, Robert Baxter, Stephen Braye, Jane Carpenter, Jane Dahlstrom, John Forbes, Soon Lee, Debbie Marsh, Adrienne Morey, Nirmala Pathmanathan, Rodney Scott, Allan Spigelman, Nicholas Wilcken and Desmond Yip. Samples are made available to researchers on a non-exclusive basis. The ACP study wishes to thank the participants in the Thai Breast Cancer study. Special thanks also go to the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), doctors and nurses who helped with the data collection process. Finally, the ACP study would like to thank Dr. Prat Boonyawongviroj, the former Permanent Secretary of MOPH and Dr. Pornthep Siriwanarungsan, the Department Director-General of Disease Control who have supported the study throughout. BBCS wishes to thank Eileen Williams, Elaine Ryder-Mills and Kara Sargus. BIGGS wishes to thank Niall McInerney, Gabrielle Colleran, Andrew Rowan and Angela Jones. BOCS wishes to thank The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (see the WTCCC website for a full list of contributing investigators). BSUCH wishes to thank Peter Bugert and Medical Faculty Mannheim. CGPS wishes to thank staff and participants of the Copenhagen General Population Study, and Dorthe Uldall Andersen, Maria Birna Arnadottir, Anne Bank and Dorthe Kjeldgard Hansenor for the excellent technical assistance. CNIO-BCS thanks Guillermo Pita, Charo Alonso, Daniel Herrero, Nuria Alvarez, Pilar Zamora, Primitiva Menendez and the Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit (CNIO). The CTS Steering Committee includes Leslie Bernstein, Susan Neuhausen, James Lacey, Sophia Wang, Huiyan Ma, Yani Lu and Jessica Clague DeHart at the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Dennis Deapen, Rich Pinder, Eunjung Lee, and Fred Schumacher at the University of Southern California, Pam Horn-Ross, Peggy Reynolds, Christina Clarke Dur and David Nelson at the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, and Hoda Anton-Culver, Argyrios Ziogas and Hannah Park at the University of California Irvine. DIETCOMPLY thanks the patients, nurses and clinical staff involved in the study. The University of Westminster Against Breast Cancer Research Unit acknowledges funding from the charity Against Breast Cancer (Registered Charity Number 1121258). ESTHER thanks Hartwig Ziegler, Sonja Wolf and Volker Hermann. GC-HBOC thanks Heide Hellebrand, Stefanie Engert and GC-HBOC (Supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe). GENICA thanks Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tubingen, Germany (HB, Wing-Yee Lo, Christina Justenhoven), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (HB), Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany (Yon-Dschun Ko, Christian Baisch), Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Germany (Hans-Peter Fischer), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (Ute Hamann), Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany (TB, Beate Pesch, Sylvia Rabstein, Anne Lotz) and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Volker Harth). GESBC thanks Ursula Eilber. HABCS wishes to thank Michael Bremer. HEBCS wishes to thank Kirsimari Aaltonen, Karl von Smitten, Sofia Khan, Tuomas Heikkinen and Irja Erkkila. HMBCS wishes to thank Peter Hillemanns, Hans Christiansen and Johann H. Karstens. KBCP wishes to thank Eija Myohanen and Helena Kemilainen. kConFab/AOCS wishes to thank Heather Thorne, Eveline Niedermayr, all the kConFab research nurses and staff, the heads and staff of the Family Cancer Clinics and the clinical follow up study (which has received funding from the NHMRC, the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Cancer Australia and the National Institute of Health (USA)) for their contributions to this resource, and the many families who contribute to kConFab. LAABC thanks all the study participants and the entire data collection team, especially Annie Fung and June Yashiki. LMBC wishes to thank Gilian Peuteman, Dominiek Smeets, Thomas Van Brussel and Kathleen Corthouts. MARIE wishes to thank Petra Seibold, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Judith Heinz, Nadia Obi, Alina Vrieling, Sabine Behrens, Ursula Eilber, Muhabbet Celik, Til Olchers and Stefan Nickels. MBCSG wishes to thank Daniela Zaffaroni of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Monica Barile and Irene Feroce of the Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO) and the personnel of the Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory. MSKCC thanks Marina Corines and Lauren Jacobs. MTLGEBCS would like to thank Martine Tranchant (CHU de Quebec Research Center), Marie-France Valois, Annie Turgeon and Lea Heguy (McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University) for DNA extraction, sample management and skillful technical assistance. J.S. is Chairholder of the Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics. MYBRCA wishes to thank Phuah Sze Yee, Peter Kang, Kang In Nee, Kavitta Sivanandan, Shivaani Mariapun, Yoon Sook-Yee, Daphne Lee, Teh Yew Ching and Nur Aishah Mohd Taib for DNA extraction and patient recruitment. NBCS wishes to thank Dr. Kristine Kleivi, PhD (K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Department of Research, Vestre Viken, Drammen, Norway), Dr. Lars Ottestad, MD (Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway), Prof. Em. Rolf Karesen, MD (Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Anita Langerod, PhD (Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Ellen Schlichting, MD (Department for Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Marit Muri Holmen, MD (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway), Prof. Toril Sauer, MD (Department of Pathology at Akershus University hospital, Lorenskog, Norway), Dr. Vilde Haakensen, MD (Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Olav Engebraten, MD (Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway), Prof. Bjorn Naume, MD (Division of Cancer Medicine and Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Cecile E. Kiserud, MD (National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Kristin V. Reinertsen, MD (National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway), Assoc. Prof. Aslaug Helland, MD (Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Margit Riis, MD (Dept of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway), Dr. Ida Bukholm, MD (Department of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway), Prof. Per Eystein Lonning, MD (Section of Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway), and Grethe I. Grenaker Alnaes, M.Sc. (Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway). NBHS wishes to thank study participants and research staff for their contributions and commitment to this study. OBCS thanks Meeri Otsukka and Kari Mononen. OFBCR wishes to thank Teresa Selander and Nayana Weerasooriya. ORIGO wishes to thank E. Krol-Warmerdam and J. Blom for patient accrual, administering questionnaires and managing clinical information. The LUMC survival data were retrieved from the Leiden hospital-based cancer registry system (ONCDOC) with the help of Dr. J. Molenaar. PBCS wishes to thank Louise Brinton, Mark Sherman, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Beata Peplonska, Witold Zatonski, Pei Chao and Michael Stagner. pKARMA wishes to thank the Swedish Medical Research Counsel. RBCS wishes to thank Petra Bos, Jannet Blom, Ellen Crepin, Elisabeth Huijskens, Annette Heemskerk and the Erasmus MC Family Cancer Clinic. SASBAC thanks the Swedish Medical Research Counsel. SBCGS wishes to thank the study participants and research staff for their contributions and commitment to this study. SBCS wishes to thank Sue Higham, Helen Cramp, Ian Brock, Sabapathy Balasubramanian and Dan Connley. SEARCH wishes to thank the SEARCH and EPIC teams. SGBCC wishes to thank the participants and research coordinator Kimberley Chua. SKKDKFZS wishes to thank all study participants, clinicians, family doctors, researchers and technicians for their contributions and commitment to this study. TNBCC wishes to thank Robert Pilarski and Charles Shapiro who were instrumental in the formation of the OSU Breast Cancer Tissue Bank. We thank the Human Genetics Sample Bank for processing of samples and providing OSU Columbus area control samples. UCIBCS wishes to thank Irene Masunaka. UKBGS wishes to thank Breakthrough Breast Cancer and the Institute of Cancer Research for support and funding of the Breakthrough Generations Study, and the study participants, study staff, and the doctors, nurses and other health care providers and health information sources who have contributed to the study. We acknowledge NHS funding to the Royal Marsden/ICR NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. CIMBA studies acknowledge the following. BCFR-AU wishes to thank Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell, Gillian Dite and Helen Tsimiklis. BCFR-NY wishes to thank members and participants in the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry for their contributions to the study. BCFR-ON wishes to thank members and participants in the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry for their contributions to the study. BFBOCC-LT acknowledges Vilius Rudaitis, Laimonas Griskevicius, Ramunas Janavicius. BFBOCC-LV acknowledges Drs. Janis Eglitis, Anna Krilova and Aivars Stengrevics. BMBSA wishes to thank the families who contribute to the BMBSA study. BRICOH wishes to thank Yuan Chun Ding and Linda Steele for their work in participant enrollment and biospecimen and data management. CNIO wishes to thank Alicia Barroso, Rosario Alonso and Guillermo Pita for their assistance. The CONSIT TEAM wishes to thank Maria Grazia Tibiletti of the Ospedale di Circolo-Universitu dellInsubria,Varese, Italy, Giulietta Scuvera of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Gabriele Capone of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Alessandra Viel and Riccardo Dolcetti of the CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy, Aline Martayan of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy, Stefania Tommasi e Brunella Pilato of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy, Liliana Varesco of the IRCCS, AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy, Laura Cortesi of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy and Laura Ottini of the University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. FCCC thanks Ms. JoEllen Weaver and Dr. Betsy Bove for their technical support. Genetic Modifiers of Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers (GEMO) study: National Cancer Genetics Network (UNICANCER Genetic Group), France. We wish to thank all the GEMO collaborating groups for their contribution to this study. GEMO Collaborating Centers are: Coordinating Centres, Unite Mixte de Genetique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Frequents, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Centre Leon Berard & Equipe, Genetique du cancer du sein, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon: Olga Sinilnikova dagger, Sylvie Mazoyer, Francesca Damiola, Laure Barjhoux, Carole Verny-Pierre, Melanie Leone, Nadia Boutry-Kryza, Alain Calender, Sophie Giraud; and Service de Genetique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Paris: Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Marion Gauthier-Villars, Bruno Buecher, Claude Houdayer, Etienne Rouleau, Lisa Golmard, Agnes Collet, Virginie Moncoutier, Cedrick Lefol, Muriel Belotti, Antoine de Pauw, Camille Elan, Catherine Nogues, Emmanuelle Fourme, Anne-Marie Birot. Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif: Brigitte Bressac-de-Paillerets, Olivier Caron, Marine Guillaud-Bataille. Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand: Yves-Jean Bignon, Nancy Uhrhammer. Centre Leon Berard, Lyon: Christine Lasset, Valerie Bonadona, Sandrine Handallou. Centre Francois Baclesse, Caen: Agnes Hardouin, Pascaline Berthet, Dominique Vaur, Laurent Castera. Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille: Hagay Sobol, Violaine Bourdon, Tetsuro Noguchi, Audrey Remenieras, Francois Eisinger. CHU Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, Montpellier: Isabelle Coupier, Pascal Pujol. Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille: Jean-Philippe Peyrat, Joelle Fournier, Francoise Revillion, Philippe Vennin dagger, Claude Adenis. Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg: Daniele Muller, Jean-Pierre Fricker. Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux: Emmanuelle Barouk-Simonet, Francoise Bonnet, Virginie Bubien, Nicolas Sevenet, Michel Longy. Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse: Christine Toulas, Rosine Guimbaud, Laurence Gladieff, Viviane Feillel. CHU Grenoble: Dominique Leroux, Helene Dreyfus, Christine Rebischung, Magalie Peysselon. CHU Dijon: Fanny Coron, Laurence Faivre. CHU St-Etienne: Fabienne Prieur, Marine Lebrun, Caroline Kientz. Hotel Dieu Centre Hospitalier, Chambery: Sandra Fert Ferrer. Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice: Marc Frenay. CHU Limoges: Laurence Venat-Bouvet. CHU Nantes: Capucine Delnatte. CHU Bretonneau, Tours: Isabelle Mortemousque. Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris: Florence Coulet, Chrystelle Colas, Florent Soubrier, Mathilde Warcoin. CHU Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy: Johanna Sokolowska, Myriam Bronner. CHU Besancon: Marie-Agnes Collonge-Rame, Alexandre Damette. Creighton University, Omaha, USA: Henry T. Lynch, Carrie L. Snyder. G-FAST wishes to thank the technical support of Ilse Coene en Brecht Crombez. GOG: this study was supported by National Cancer Institute grants to the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) Administrative Office and Tissue Bank (CA 27469), the GOG Statistical and Data Center (CA 37517), and the GOG Cancer Prevention and Control Committee (CA 101165). Drs. Greene, Mai and Savage were supported by funding from the Intramural Research Program, NCI. HCSC was supported by a grant RD12/00369/0006 and 12/00539 from ISCIII (Spain), partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER funds. We acknowledge Alicia Tosar for her technical assistance. HCSC wishes to thank the technical support of Ilse Coene en Brecht Crombez. HEBCS would like to thank Dr. Kristiina Aittomaki, Taru A. Muranen, Drs. Carl Blomqvist and Kirsimari Aaltonen and RNs Irja Erkkila and Virpi Palola for their help with the HEBCS data and samples. The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON) consists of the following Collaborating Centers: Coordinating center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, NL: M.A. Rookus, F.B.L. Hogervorst, F.E. van Leeuwen, S. Verhoef, M.K. Schmidt, N.S. Russell, J.L. de Lange, R. Wijnands; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL: J.M. Collee, A.M.W. van den Ouweland, M.J. Hooning, C. Seynaeve, C.H.M. van Deurzen, I.M. Obdeijn; Leiden University Medical Center, NL: C.J. van Asperen, J.T. Wijnen, R.A.E.M. Tollenaar, P. Devilee, T.C.T.E.F. van Cronenburg; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, NL: C.M. Kets, A.R. Mensenkamp; University Medical Center Utrecht, NL: M.G.E.M. Ausems, R.B. van der Luijt, C.C. van der Pol; Amsterdam Medical Center, NL: C.M. Aalfs, T.A.M. van Os; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL: J.J.P. Gille, Q. Waisfisz, H.E.J. Meijers-Heijboer; University Hospital Maastricht, NL: E.B. Gomez-Garcia, M.J. Blok; University Medical Center Groningen, NL: J.C. Oosterwijk, A.H. van der Hout, M.J. Mourits, G.H. de Bock; The Netherlands Foundation for the detection of hereditary tumours, Leiden, NL: H.F. Vasen; The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL): S. Siesling, J.Verloop; The Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA): L.I.H. Overbeek. The HEBON study is supported by the Dutch Cancer Society grants NKI1998-1854, NKI2004-3088, NKI2007-3756, the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research grant NWO 91109024, the Pink Ribbon grants 110005 and 2014-187.WO76, the BBMRI grant NWO 184.021.007/CP46 and the Transcan grant JTC 2012 Cancer 12-054. HEBON thanks the registration teams of IKNL and PALGA for part of the data collection. HRBCP wishes to thank Hong Kong Sanatoriuma and Hospital for their continual support. HUNBOCS wishes to thank the Hungarian Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study Group members (Janos Papp, Tibor Vaszko, Aniko Bozsik, Timea Pocza, Judit Franko, Maria Balogh, Gabriella Domokos and Judit Ferenczi, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary) and the clinicians and patients for their contributions to this study. HVH wishes to thank the Oncogenetics Group (VHIO), and the High Risk and Cancer Prevention Unit of the University Hospital Vall dHebron. ICO wishes to thank the ICO Hereditary Cancer Program team led by Dr. Gabriel Capella. INHERIT would like to thank Dr. Martine Dumont, Martine Tranchant for sample management and skillful technical assistance. J.S. is Chairholder of the Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics. J.S. and P.S. were part of the QC and Genotyping coordinating group of iCOGS (http://ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/research/consortia/icogs/) (BCAC and CIMBA). IPOBCS wishes to thank Drs. Ana Peixoto, Catarina Santos, Patricia Rocha and Pedro Pinto for their skillful contribution to the study. KCONFAB wishes to thank Heather Thorne, Eveline Niedermayr, all the kConFab research nurses and staff, the heads and staff of the Family Cancer Clinics, and the clinical follow up study (which has received funding from the NHMRC, the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Cancer Australia, and the National Institute of Health (USA)) for their contributions to this resource, and the many families who contribute to kConFab. The Modifier Study of Quantitative Effects on Disease (MODSQUAD) acknowledges ModSQuaD members Csilla Szabo (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA); Lenka Foretova and Eva Machackova (Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, Czech Republic) and Michal Zikan, Petr Pohlreich and Zdenek Kleibl (Oncogynecologic Center and Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic). MSKCC wishes to thank Anne Lincoln and Lauren Jacobs. NICCC wishes to thank the NICCC National Familial Cancer Consultation Service team led by Sara Dishon, the laboratory team led by Dr. Flavio Lejbkowicz, and the research field operations team led by Dr. Mila Pinchev. NRG Oncology thanks the investigators of the Australia New Zealand NRG Oncology group. OCGN wishes to thank members and participants in the Ontario Cancer Genetics Network for their contributions to the study. SEABASS would like to thank Yip Cheng Har, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Phuah Sze Yee, Norhashimah Hassan and all the research nurses, research assistants and doctors involved in the MyBrCa Study for assistance in patient recruitment, data collection and sample preparation. In addition, we thank Philip Iau, Sng Jen-Hwei and Sharifah Nor Akmal for contributing samples from the Singapore Breast Cancer Study and the HUKM-HKL study respectively. The Malaysian Breast Cancer Genetic Study is funded by research grants from the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Ministry of Higher Education (UM.C/HIR/MOHE/06) and charitable funding from the Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation. The SMC team wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the Meirav Comprehensive breast cancer center team at the Sheba Medical Center for assistance in this study. Swedish scientists participating as SWE-BRCA collaborators are: Ake Borg, Hakan Olsson, Helena Jernstrom, Karin Henriksson, Katja Harbst, Maria Soller and Ulf Kristoffersson from Lund University and University Hospital; Anna Ofverholm, Margareta Nordling, Per Karlsson and Zakaria Einbeigi from Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Anna von Wachenfeldt, Annelie Liljegren, Annika Lindblom, Brita Arver, Gisela Barbany Bustinza and Johanna Rantala from Stockholm and Karolinska University Hospital; Beatrice Melin, Christina Edwinsdotter Ardnor and Monica Emanuelsson from Umea University Hospital; Hans Ehrencrona, Maritta Hellstrom Pigg and Richard Rosenquist from Uppsala University; and Marie Stenmark-Askmalm and Sigrun Liedgren from Linkoping University Hospital. UCHICAGO wishes to thank Cecilia Zvocec, Qun Niu, the physicians, genetic counselors, research nurses and staff of the Cancer Risk Clinic for their contributions to this resource and the many families who contribute to our program. UCLA thanks Joyce Seldon, MSGC and Lorna Kwan, MPH, for assembling the data for this study. UCSF would like to thank Dr. Robert Nussbaum and the following genetic counselors for participant recruitment: Beth Crawford, Kate Loranger, Julie Mak, Nicola Stewart, Robin Lee, Amie Blanco and Peggy Conrad, and Ms. Salina Chan for data management. UKFOCR thanks Paul Pharoah, Simon Gayther, Susan Ramus, Carole Pye, Patricia Harrington and Eva Wozniak for their contributions towards the UKFOCR. UPENN wishes to thank the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Susan G. Komen Foundation for the cure and Basser Research Center for BRCA. VFCTG wishes to thank Geoffrey Lindeman, Marion Harris and Martin Delatycki of the Victorian Familial Cancer Trials Group. VFCTG also thanks Sarah Sawyer and Rebecca Driessen for assembling these data and Ella Thompson for performing all DNA amplification. Funding was as follows: the work conducted for this project at Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center is supported in part by NIH grant R37CA070867 and endowment funds for the Ingram Professorship and Anne Potter Wilson Chair. BCAC is funded by Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A12014) and by the European Community Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement number 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS). Funding for the iCOGS infrastructure came from the European Community Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement number 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A 10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565), the National Institutes of Health (CA128978) and Post-Cancer GWAS initiative (1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065 and 1U19 CA14811he GAME-ON initiative), the Department of Defence (W81XWH-10-1-0341), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer, Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund. The Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS) was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The ABCFS was also supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the New South Wales Cancer Council, the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia) and the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium. J.L.H. is a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia Fellow and a Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium Group Leader. M.C.S. is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow and a Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium Group Leader. The ABCS study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (grants NKI 2007-3839; 2009 4363); BBMRI-NL, which is a research infrastructure financed by the Dutch government (NWO 184.021.007); and the Dutch National Genomics Initiative. The Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank is generously supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, The Cancer Institute NSW and the National Breast Cancer Foundation. The ACP study is funded by the Breast Cancer Research Trust, UK. The work of the BBCC was partly funded by ELAN-Fond of the University Hospital of Erlangen. The BBCS is funded by Cancer Research UK and Breakthrough Breast Cancer and acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). ES is supported by NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guys & St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with Kings College London, UK. IT is supported by the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. BOCS is supported by funds from Cancer Research UK (C8620/A8372 and C8620/A8857), a US Military Acquisition (ACQ) Activity, Era of Hope Award (W81XWH-05-1-0204) and the Institute of Cancer Research (UK). C.T. is funded by a Medical Research Council (UK) Clinical Research Fellowship. BOCS acknowledges NHS funding to the Royal Marsden/Institute of Cancer Research NIHR Specialist Cancer Biomedical Research Centre. The BSUCH study was supported by the Dietmar-Hopp Foundation, the Helmholtz Society and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). The CECILE study was funded by Fondation de France, Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Ligue contre le Cancer Grand Ouest, Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire (ANSES) and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). The CGPS was supported by the Chief Physician Johan Boserup and Lise Boserup Fund, the Danish Medical Research Council and Herlev Hospital. The CNIO-BCS was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer and grants from the Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer and the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitario (PI11/00923 and PI12/00070). The CTS was initially supported by the California Breast Cancer Act of 1993 and the California Breast Cancer Research Fund (contract 97-10500) and is currently funded through the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA77398). Collection of cancer incidence data was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885. HAC receives support from the Lon V Smith Foundation (LVS39420). The University of Westminster curates the DietCompLyf database created by and funded by Against Breast Cancer Registered Charity No. 1121258. The ESTHER study was supported by a grant from the Baden Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts. Additional cases were recruited in the context of the VERDI study, which was supported by a grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe). The GC-HBOC was supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe (107 352). The GENICA was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany grants 01KW9975/5, 01KW9976/8, 01KW9977/0 and 01KW0114, the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, and the Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, and Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany. The GESBC was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e. V. [70492] and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). The HABCS study was supported by an intramural grant from Hannover Medical School. The HEBCS was financially supported by the Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society, The Nordic Cancer Union and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The HERPACC was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan, by a Grant-in-Aid for the Third Term Comprehensive 10-Year Strategy for Cancer Control from Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, by Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants for Research on Applying Health Technology from the Ministry Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund and Grant form Takeda Health Foundation. The HMBCS was supported by a grant from the Friends of Hannover Medical School and by the Rudolf Bartling Foundation. The HUBCS was supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (RUS08/017). Financial support for KARBAC was provided through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Cancer Society, The Gustav V Jubilee foundation and and Bert von Kantzows foundation. The KBCP was financially supported by the special Government Funding (EVO) of Kuopio University Hospital grants, Cancer Fund of North Savo, the Finnish Cancer Organizations and strategic funding of the University of Eastern Finland. kConFab is supported by a grant from the National Breast Cancer Foundation, and previously by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Queensland Cancer Fund, the Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and the Cancer Foundation of Western Australia. Financial support for the AOCS was provided by the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (DAMD17-01-1-0729), Cancer Council Victoria, Queensland Cancer Fund, Cancer Council New South Wales, Cancer Council South Australia, The Cancer Foundation of Western Australia, Cancer Council Tasmania and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC; 400413, 400281, 199600). G.C.T. and P.W. are supported by the NHMRC. RB was a Cancer Institute NSW Clinical Research Fellow. LAABC is supported by grants (1RB-0287, 3 PB-0102, 5 PB-0018, 10 PB-0098) from the California Breast Cancer Research Program. Incident breast cancer cases were collected by the USC Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) which is supported under subcontract by the California Department of Health. The CSP is also part of the National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, under contract number N01CN25403. LMBC is supported by the Stichting tegen Kanker (232-2008 and 196-2010). Diether Lambrechts is supported by the FWO and the KULPFV/10/016-SymBio